The DataCite Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: http://purl.org/spar/datacite/2026-05-05
imports: literal
abstract: The DataCite Ontology is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL to enable the metadata properties of the [DataCite Metadata Schema (version 4.7)](https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.7/) to be described in RDF.
contributor: Amy J. Barton
contributor: Egbert Gramsbergen
contributor: Jan Ashton
contributor: Marie-Christine Jacquemot
contributor: Sebastian Barzaghi
creator: David Shotton
creator: Silvio Peroni
date: 2022-09-15
description: ## Description The _DataCite Ontology_ (or simply DataCite) is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL to enable the metadata properties of the [DataCite Metadata Schema (version 4.7)](https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.7/) to be described in RDF. ![A diagram of the DataCite Ontology.](datacite.png) The main intent of the DataCite Ontology is to provide a flexible mechanism to define identifiers for bibliographic resources (e.g., papers and datasets) and related entities (e.g., authors). To this end, DataCite uses the object property `datacite:hasIdentifier`, which has as its object a member of the class `datacite:Identifier` or of one of its sub-classes (`datacite:ResourceIdentifier`, `datacite:AgentIdentifier` or `datacite:RightsIdentifier`). In turn, `datacite:AgentIdentifier` is further sub-classed by three additional classes, i.e., `datacite:PersonalIdentifier`, `datacite:OrganizationIdentifier`, and `datacite:FunderIdentifier`. The exact nature of the identifier is then defined using the second DataCite object property `datacite:usesIdentifierScheme`, which has as its object the class `datacite:IdentifierScheme` or one of its sub-classes: `datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme`, `datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme` or `datacite:RightsIdentifierScheme`. `datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme` is further sub-classed by three additional classes, i.e., `datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme`, `datacite:OrganizationIdentifierScheme`, and `datacite:FunderIdentifierScheme`. This provides a robust method for defining identifiers, since each specific identifier is defined as an individual member of its appropriate identifier scheme class. Of course, existing identifier schemes have been already defined within the ontology. For instance: * `datacite:doi` is an individual member of the class `datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme` specifying a DataCite Digital Object Identifier (DOI); * `datacite:orcid` is an individual member of the class `datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme` specifyi…
rights: This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
created: 2016-01-21
issued: 2016-01-21
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2026-05-05
source: https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.7/
preferred namespace prefix: datacite
prior version: http://purl.org/spar/datacite/2025-09-22
version info: 1.3.1
code repository: datacite

has creator list
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Restriction
  on property: has identifier
  some values from: resource identifier
range: List
comment: This property allows one to specify the list of the creators of a certain resource.

has description
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Restriction
  on property: has identifier
  some values from: resource identifier
range: Restriction
  on property: has description type
  cardinality: 1
example: :my-resource datacite:hasDescription :my-resource-additional-info . :my-resource-additional-info literal:hasLiteralValue "A textual description" .
comment: An object property permitting specification of an entity used to describe a resource.

has description type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: type
domain: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: has description
  all values from: Restriction
    on property: has identifier
    some values from: resource identifier
range: description type
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:abstract .
comment: An object property permitting specification of the type of description used to describe a resource.
scope note: A type of description is defined as an individual of the class datacite:DescriptionType from the DataCite controlled list of Abstract (datacite:abstract), SeriesInformation (datacite:series-information), TableOfContent (datacite:table-of-content) and Other (datacite:other).

has general resource type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: type
domain: Restriction
  on property: has identifier
  some values from: resource identifier
range: Concept
example: :my-resource datacite:hasGeneralResourceType dcmitype:Dataset .
comment: An object property permitting specification of the general type of a resource, defined from the DataCite controlled list.
scope note: The DataCite controlled list includes: - dcmitype:MovingImage; - fabio:Book; - fabio:BookChapter; - dcmitype:Collection; - fabio:LaboratoryNotebook; - fabio:ConferencePaper; - fabio:ConferenceProceedings; - fabio:ResourcePaper; - dcmitype:Dataset; - fabio:Thesis; - dcmitype:Event; - dcmitype:StillImage; - dcmitype:InteractiveResource; - fabio:Journal; - fabio:JournalArticle; - fabio:Model; - fabio:DataManagementPlan; - dcmitype:PhysicalObject; - fabio:ConferencePoster; - fabio:Preprint; - fabio:Presentation; - fabio:ProjectPlan; - fabio:ReportDocument; - dcmitype:Service; - dcmitype:Software; - dcmitype:Sound; - fabio:TechnicalStandard; - fabio:Report; - dcmitype:Text; - fabio:Workflow; - frbr:Endeavour. All the prefixes used here refer to external ontologies, i.e., DC Metadata Terms (dcmitype: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/), FaBiO (fabio: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/), and FRBR (frbr: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#).

has identifier
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: identifier
example: :my-resource datacite:hasIdentifier :my-resource-pri .
comment: An object property specifying a datacite:Identifier that provides a unique identifier for the entity (either a funder, a person or a resource).

has relation characterization
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isSettingFor
domain: qualified relation
example: :relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationCharacterization cito:isCitedBy .
comment: An object property defining the specific nature or type of the reified relation.
scope note: This property uses as range an existing property via OWL2 punning, according to which it becomes possible to use an object property as the object of an OWL assertion. In such cases of OWL punning, the object properties are simultaneously considered both as normal object properties and also as proper named individuals of the class owl:Thing.

has relation object
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isSettingFor
domain: qualified relation
example: :relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationObject :my-article .
comment: An object property linking a reified relation to its object resource.

has relation subject
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isSettingFor
domain: qualified relation
example: :relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationSubject :my-resource .
comment: An object property linking a reified relation to its subject resource.

uses identifier scheme
type: ObjectProperty
domain: identifier
range: identifier scheme
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi .
comment: An object property permitting specification of the identifier scheme used to provide the identifier for an entity (either a funder, a person or a resource).
scope note: An identifier scheme is defined as an individual of the class datacite:IdentifierScheme.

uses metadata scheme
type: ObjectProperty
range: metadata scheme
example: :related-document a fabio:MetadataDocument ; datacite:usesMetadataScheme datacite:spar .
comment: The link between a metadata document and the scheme followed for creating metadata.

agent identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  all values from: agent identifier
disjoint with: resource identifier
example: :essepuntato a datacite:AgentIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "https://github.com/essepuntato" .
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an individual agent.
scope note: An agent identifier belongs to a particular identifier scheme, specified by an individual within the class datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme (or any of its subclasses).

agent identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: agent identifier
example: :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:github ; literal:hasLiteralValue "essepuntato" .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify an agent.
scope note: Individual schemes are defines as members of its sub-classes.

alternate resource identifier
type: Class
subclass of: resource identifier
disjoint with: primary resource identifier
example: :my-resource datacite:hasIdentifier :my-resource-alt . :my-resource-alt a datacite:AlternateResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "19381256" .
comment: An identifier other than a DOI that is used as an alternative identifier to uniquely identify a resource that is the subject of the DataCite metadata record.
scope note: An alternate resource identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as ISBN, specified by an individual that is a member of the class datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme.

description type
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:abstract .
comment: This class permits classification of the type of description given to a resource described by the DataCite Metadata schema.
scope note: Individual members of the class conform to the five values allowed in the DataCite controlled list, namely: * datacite:abstract; * datacite:methods; * datacite:series-information; * datacite:table-of-content; * datacite:other.

funder identifier
type: Class
subclass of: agent identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  all values from: funder identifier scheme
example: :my-funder-id a datacite:FunderIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "" .
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities a funding agency.
scope note: A funder identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as FundRef, specified by an individual within the class datacite:FunderIdentifierScheme.

funder identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: agent identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: funder identifier
example: :my-funder-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:fundref .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a funding agency.
scope note: Individual schemes are defines as members of this class. At present, the only individual of this class is datacite:fundref.

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Literal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: has identifier
  cardinality: 1
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource.
scope note: An identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as those specified by individuals of the class datacite:IdentifierScheme.

identifier scheme
type: Class
example: :my-object-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikidata ; literal:hasLiteralValue "Q113333457" .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify an entity such as a funding agency, a person or a resource.
scope note: Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.

metadata scheme
type: Class
example: :my-resource cito:citesAsMetadataDocument :my-resource-metadata . :my-resource-metadata a fabio:MetadataDocument ; datacite:usesMetadataScheme datacite:spar .
comment: The class that describe metadata schemes used for creating a metadata document referring to a certain resource.
scope note: Neither a class for metadata documents nor a property linking a resource to its metadata document are explicitly defined in this ontology. However, we recommend to use the class fabio:MetadataDocument (from http://purl.org/spar/fabio) and cito:citesAsMetadataDocument (from http://purl.org/spar/cito) for providing such descriptions. In addition, if needed, it is possible to use the dataproperty fabio:hasURL (not included in this ontology as well) for defining the actual URL of a certain metadata scheme.

organization identifier
type: Class
subclass of: agent identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  all values from: organization identifier
example: :my-organization-id a datacite:OrganizationIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "00wb4mk85" .
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an individual organization.
scope note: An organization identifier belongs to a particular identifier scheme, such as ISNI, specified by an individual within the class datacite:OrganizationIdentifierScheme.

organization identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: agent identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: organization identifier
example: :my-organization-id a datacite:OrganizationIdentifier ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ror .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify an organization.
scope note: Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.

personal identifier
type: Class
subclass of: agent identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  all values from: personal identifier scheme
example: :david-shotton datacite:hasIdentifier :david-shotton-id . :david-shotton-id a datacite:PersonalIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0001-5506-523X" .
comment: An identifier that uniquely identifies an individual person.
scope note: A personal identifier belongs to a particular identifier scheme, such as ORCID, specified by an individual within the class datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme.

personal identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: agent identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: personal identifier
example: :david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a person.
scope note: Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.

primary resource identifier
type: Class
subclass of: resource identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  has value: doi
example: :my-resource-id a datacite:PrimaryResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.1371/journal.pntd.0000228.g002.x001" ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi .
comment: An identifier that is used as the primary identifier to uniquely identifies the primary resource that is the subject of the DataCite metadata record.
scope note: This class uses a datacite:IdentifierScheme that is restricted to datacite:doi, an individual in the datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme.

qualified relation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Situation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has relation characterization
    cardinality: 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has relation object
    cardinality: 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has relation subject
    cardinality: 1
example: :relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationSubject :my-resource ; datacite:hasRelationObject :my-article ; datacite:hasRelationCharacterization cito:isCitedBy .
comment: A class representing a reified relation between two resources, allowing the assignment of a specific role or type to the connection.

resource identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  all values from: resource identifier scheme
example: :my-resource-id a datacite:ResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.3457/1098.a45" .
comment: An identifier that is used to uniquely identify a resource.

resource identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: resource identifier
example: :my-resource-pri datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a resource.
scope note: Individual schemes are defines as members of this class. For DataCite, the only permitted identifier scheme for the primary resource identifier is the Digital Object Identifier (datacite:doi).

rights identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
example: :my-resource-rights datacite:hasIdentifier :my-resource-rights-id . :my-resource-rights-id a datacite:RightsIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "CC-BY-1.0" .
comment: An identifier that uniquely identifies a license.
scope note: A rights identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as SPDX, specified by an individual within the class datacite:RightsIdentifierScheme.

rights identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: identifier scheme
example: :my-resource-rights-id a datacite:RightsIdentifier ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:spdx ; literal:hasLiteralValue "CC-BY-1.0" .
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a license.
scope note: Individual schemes are defined as members of this class.

abstract
type: NamedIndividual
type: description type
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:abstract .
comment: A brief summary of a textual work, appearing at the beginning of the work and designed to act as the point-of-entry that will help the reader quickly to obtain an overview of the work's contents.

acm
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://dl.acm.org/
example: :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:acm ; literal:hasLiteralValue "81442604750" .
comment: An ACM Digital Library author ID is a unique identifier found within an ACM Author Profile Page, which consolidates an researcher's publications, citations, and metadata.
scope note: The ACM Digital Library author ID is resolvable using the following URL: https://dl.acm.org/profile/<identifier>.

ark
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://confluence.ucop.edu/display/Curation/ARK
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ark ; literal:hasLiteralValue "ark:53355/cl010066723" .
comment: An Archival Resource Key (ARK) is a multi-purpose URL suited to being a persistent identifier for information objects of any type.

arxiv
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://arxiv.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:arxiv ; literal:hasLiteralValue "2505.13276" .
comment: The ArXiv ID is a unique identifier for ArXiv (http://arxiv.org/), a open access repository of preprints.
scope note: An ArXiv ID is resolvable using the following URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/<identifier>.

bibcode
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:bibcode ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1974AJ.....79..819H" .
comment: The Bibliographic Code (BIBCODE) is a 19 ASCII characters identifier which describes a journal article.
scope note: The format was originally adopted by the SIMBAD and NED projects, and follows the syntax "YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA", where: * YYYY: Year of publication; * JJJJJ: A standard abbreviation for the journal (e.g. ApJ, AJ, MNRAS, Sci, PASP, etc.). A list of abbreviations is available; * VVVV: The volume number (for a serial) or an abbreviation that specifies what type of publication it is (e.g. conf for conference proceedings, meet for Meeting proceedings, book for a book, coll for colloquium proceedings, proc for any other type of proceedings); * M: Qualifier for publication; * E: Electronic Abstract (usually a counter, not a page number); * L: Letter; * P: Pink page; * Q-Z: Unduplicating character for identical codes; * PPPP: Page number. Note that for page numbers greater than 9999, the page number is continued in the m column; * A: The first letter of the last name of the first author.

crossref
type: NamedIndividual
type: organization identifier scheme
has URL: https://crossref.org/
example: :my-organization-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:crossref ; literal:hasLiteralValue "20280" .
comment: The Crossref member identifier is a unique numerical ID automatically assigned to each organization when they join Crossref to manage their account and content registration.
scope note: A Crossref member identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://api.crossref.org/members/<identifier>.

cstr
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://www.cstr.cn/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:cstr ; literal:hasLiteralValue "31253.11.sciencedb.j00001.00123" .
comment: The Common Science and Technology Resources (CSTR) Identifier is an identifier based on the Chinese National Standard GB/T 32843—2016 “Science and technology resource identification”, providing a unique identification service for scientific data, papers, scientific institutions, researchers, scientific instruments, patents and other scientific and technological resources.
scope note: A Common Science and Technology Resources Identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.cstr.cn/<identifier>.

dblp
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://dblp.org
example: :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:dblp ; literal:hasLiteralValue "48/1099" .
comment: The DBLP author identifier is a unique key assigned to each researcher registered on DBLP.
scope note: A DBLP author identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://dblp.org/pid/<identifier>.

dblp record
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://dblp.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:dblp-record ; literal:hasLiteralValue "conf/semweb/BarzaghiHMP24" .
comment: The DBLP publication identifier is a unique key that identifies a specific publication record, conference, or journal registered on DBLP.
scope note: A DBLP publication identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://dblp.org/rec/<identifier>.

dia
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.surf.nl/en/themas/openonderzoek/infrastructuur/Pages/digitalauthoridentifierdai.aspx
comment: The Digital Author Identification system assigns a unique number to all authors in the Netherlands research system.

dnb
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://d-nb.info/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:dnb ; literal:hasLiteralValue "gnd/7749153-1" .
comment: The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB) catalogue number is a unique identifier assigned to every entry in the DNB catalogue.
scope note: A DNB catalogue number is resolvable from the following URL: https://d-nb.info/<identifier>.

doi
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.doi.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.1007/978-3-031-77847-6_11" .
comment: The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique identifier assigned to identify digital objects.
scope note: A DOI is resolvable from the following URL: http://www.doi.org/<identifier>.

ean13
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.gs1.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ean13 ; literal:hasLiteralValue "4003994155486" .
comment: The International Article Number is a unique 13-digit barcode standard used worldwide to identify retail products.

eissn
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.issn.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:eissn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1460-2105" .
comment: The Electronic International Standard Serial Number (eISSN) is an eight-digit identifier specifically for electronic versions of serials, such as online journals, databases, or websites.

fundref
type: NamedIndividual
type: funder identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.crossref.org/fundref/index.html
example: :my-funder-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:fundref ; literal:hasLiteralValue "501100000831" .
comment: The FundRef identifier is a unique code assigned by Fundref, a collaborative pilot project of scholarly publishers and funding agencies, facilitated by CrossRef, to provide a standard way of identifying and reporting funding sources for published scholarly research.

gepris
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: http://gepris.dfg.de
example: :david-aitken-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:gepris ; literal:hasLiteralValue "209346727" .
comment: The GEPRIS person identifier is a unique, numerical identifier assigned to researchers and investigators in the GEPRIS database.
scope note: A GEPRIS person identifier is resolvable from the following URL: http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/person/<identifier>.

github
type: NamedIndividual
type: agent identifier scheme
has URL: https://github.com/
example: :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:github ; literal:hasLiteralValue "essepuntato" .
comment: The GitHub username is a unique identifier assigned to GitHub users.
scope note: A GitHub username is resolvable from the following URL: https://github.com/<identifier>.

GitLab user account
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/profile/
example: :my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:gitlab ; literal:hasLiteralValue "gitlab-org" .
comment: The GitLab user account is a unique identifier assigned to GitLab users.
scope note: A GitLab user account is resolvable from the following URL: https://gitlab.com/<identifier>.

gnd
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://gnd.network/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:gnd ; literal:hasLiteralValue "7749153-1" .
comment: The Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) identifier is a unique key assigned to authority data managed by the German National Library.
scope note: A Gemeinsame Normdatei identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://d-nb.info/gnd/<identifier>.

google scholar
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://scholar.google.com/
example: :david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:google-scholar ; literal:hasLiteralValue "YyvE-_oAAAAJ" .
comment: The Google Scholar author identifier is a unique identifier assigned to authors signed to Google Scholar.
scope note: A Google Scholar author identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=<identifier>.

handle
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.handle.net/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:handle ; literal:hasLiteralValue "20.1000/100" .
comment: The Handle System is a distributed computing technology that provides unique, persistent identifiers (handles) for digital resources, allowing them to be located over time regardless of URL changes.

ieee
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
example: :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ieee ; literal:hasLiteralValue "37542690500" .
comment: The IEEE Xplore author ID is a unique identifier assigned to authors in IEEE Xplore.
scope note: A IEEE Xplore author ID is resolvable from the following URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/<identifier>.

igsn
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://igsn.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:igsn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "AU124" .
comment: The International Generic Sample Number (IGSN) is a code that uniquely identifies samples from our natural environment and related features-of-interest.

infouri
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://info-uri.info/registry/docs/misc/faq.html
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:isbn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "info:ddc/22/eng//004.678" .
comment: The Info URI scheme is a standardized method for identifying information assets that have public identifiers (like ISBNs, DOIs, or LCCNs) but lack a native URI representation.

isbn
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.isbn-international.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:isbn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "978-81-7525-766-5" .
comment: The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique 13-digit commercial identifier for books and monographic publications.

isni
type: NamedIndividual
type: organization identifier scheme
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.isni.org/
example: :david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:isni ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000000117402098" .
comment: The International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) is an identifier system for uniquely identifying the public identities of contributors to media content.
scope note: An ISNI is resolvable from the following URL: http://www.isni.org/<identifier>.

issn
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.issn.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:issn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "2049-3630" .
comment: The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit code to uniquely identify a periodical publication, such as a magazine.

istc
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.istc-international.org/html/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:istc ; literal:hasLiteralValue "A02-2009-000004BE-A" .
comment: The International Standard Text Code (ISTC) is a standard designed to uniquely identify textual works.

ivoid
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://www.ivoa.net/documents/IVOAIdentifiers/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ivoid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "ivo://org.gavo.dc/~?flashheros/data/ca92/f0065.mt." .
comment: The IVOA identifier (IVOID) is the identifier of resources within the resource registry (datasets, data access services, etc.) maintained by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA).
scope note: These identifiers are RFC 3986-compliant URIs with a scheme of ivo. Thus, their generic form is: ivo://<authority><path>?<query>#<fragment>.

jst
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
example: :my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:jst ; literal:hasLiteralValue "200901000000000000" .
comment: The Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST) identifier is a unique code assigned to scientific research products by the Japan Science and Technology Agency.

lattes
type: NamedIndividual
type: agent identifier scheme
has URL: https://lattes.cnpq.br/
example: :marcos-bagno-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:lattes ; literal:hasLiteralValue "9975840620597737" .
comment: The Lattes Platform number is an identifier for a Lattes Platform entry related to a person or group.
scope note: A Lattes Platform number is resolvable from the following URL: http://lattes.cnpq.br/<identifier>.

linkedin
type: NamedIndividual
type: agent identifier scheme
has URL: https://www.linkedin.com/
example: :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:linkedin ; literal:hasLiteralValue "essepuntato" .
comment: The LinkedIn personal profile identifier is an unique identifier assigned to a LinkedIn user.
scope note: A LinkedIn personal profile identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/<identifier>.

lissn
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.issn.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:lissn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1748-7188" .
comment: The Linking International Standard Serial Number (LISSN) is an identifier that connects different media versions of the same serial publication.

loc
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://id.loc.gov/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:loc ; literal:hasLiteralValue "sh2010112128" .
comment: The Library of Congress (LoC) authority identifier is a unique identifier used for authority control in the Library of Congress.
scope note: A Library of Congress authority identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/<identifier>.

local funder identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: funder identifier scheme
comment: A funder identifier scheme that provides local funder identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

local organization identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: organization identifier scheme
comment: An organization identifier scheme that provides local organization identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

local personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
comment: A personal identifier scheme that provides local personal identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

local resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
comment: A resource identifier scheme that provides local resource identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

lsid
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-lsidbp/
example: :gustav-dirichlet-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:math-genealogy ; literal:hasLiteralValue "17946" .
comment: The Life Science Identifier (LSID) is a unique identifier used for uniquely naming significant resources in the biology domain.

math genealogy
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://mathgenealogy.org/
example: :gustav-dirichlet-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:math-genealogy ; literal:hasLiteralValue "17946" .
comment: The Mathematics Genealogy Project identifier is an identifier for mathematicians and computer scientists at the Mathematics Genealogy Project.
scope note: A Mathematics Genealogy Project identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=<identifier>.

methods
type: NamedIndividual
type: description type
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:methods .
comment: A description in a research paper documenting the specialized methods used in the work described.

national insurance number
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
example: :my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:national-insurance-number ; literal:hasLiteralValue "QQ123456C" .
comment: The United Kingdom National Insurance Number is a code used to uniquely identify in the tax system, banking, social welfare, online government services and electoral registration.

nihmsid
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://nexus.od.nih.gov/all/2009/09/01/nih-public-access-update-clarifying-use-of-the-nih-manuscript-submission-id-nihmsid/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:nihmsid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "NIHMS44135" .
comment: The NIH Manuscript Submission Identifier (NIHMSID) is a preliminary article identifier that applies only to manuscripts deposited through the NIHMS system.

nii
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
example: :shizumu-nomura-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:nii ; literal:hasLiteralValue "9000363887724" .
comment: The National Individual Identifier (NII) is a unique number assigned to citizens, residents and visitors for tracking and verification purposes.

oci
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://registry.identifiers.org/registry/oci
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:oci ; literal:hasLiteralValue "06101801781-06180334099" .
comment: The Open Citation Identifier (OCI) is a persistent identifier for bibliographic citations, created and maintained by OpenCitations (http://opencitations.net).

oclc
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://www.worldcat.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:oclc ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1587443818" .
comment: The OCLC control number is a unique identifier assigned by OCLC to each bibliographic record input into WorldCat.
scope note: An OCLC control number is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/<identifier>.

omid
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://registry.identifiers.org/registry/omid
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:omid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "br/06101801781" .
comment: The OpenCitations Meta Identifier (OMID) is a persistent identifier for bibliographic resources, created and maintained by OpenCitations (http://opencitations.net).
scope note: The OMID is structured as follows: [[entity_type_abbreviation]]/[[supplier_prefix]][[sequential_number]] (e.g. "br/0601", where "br" is the entity type, "060" is the supplier prefix, and "1" is the sequential number).

OpenAlex ID
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://docs.openalex.org/about-the-data
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:openalex ; literal:hasLiteralValue "w1995055324" .
comment: The OpenAlex ID is a unique identifier assigned to each entity included in OpenAlex.
scope note: An OpenAlex ID has two parts. The first part is the base, that is always https://openalex.org/. The second part is the key, i.e. the unique primary key that identifies a given resource in our database. The key starts with a letter that tells us the kind of entity: W(ork), A(uthor), V(enue), I(nstitution), or C(oncept). In addition, the IDs are not case-sensitive, so w2741809807 is just as valid as W2741809807.

opendoar
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier
has URL: https://opendoar.ac.uk/
comment: The Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) is a service that lists open access repositories, and uses numerical internal identifiers to store their record.

openid
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: http://openid.net/foundation/
comment: OpenID is an open standard that describes how users can be authenticated in a decentralized manner, eliminating the need for centralized registration services.

orcid
type: NamedIndividual
type: agent identifier scheme
has URL: http://orcid.org/
example: :david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0001-5506-523X" .
comment: The Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID) is a unique identifier for individuals to use as they engage in research, scholarship, and innovation activities.
scope note: An ORCID is resolvable from the following URL: http://orcid.org/<identifier>.

other
type: NamedIndividual
type: description type
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:other .
comment: A catch-all description type required by the DataCite Metadata Schema to characterize description types that are not abstracts, series information or tables of content.

pii
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:pii ; literal:hasLiteralValue "S0960-894X(96)00515-X" .
comment: The Publisher Item Identifier is a unique identifier used by several scientific journal publishers to identify documents.

pmcid
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:pmcid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "PMC6513384" .
comment: The PubMed Central Identifier (PMCID) is a bibliographic identifier for the PubMed Central database.

pmid
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:pmid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "29943802" .
comment: The PubMed Identifier (PMID) is a bibliographic identifier for the PubMed database.

purl
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://purl.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:purl ; literal:hasLiteralValue "http://purl.org/spar/cito" .
comment: The Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL) is a URL that is used to redirect to the location of a requested web resource.

repec
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://authors.repec.org/
example: :andrei-shleifer-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:repec ; literal:hasLiteralValue "psh93" .
comment: The RePEc Short identifier is a unique, permanent identifier for researchers registered in the RePEc Author Service.
scope note: A RePEc Short Identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://authors.repec.org/pro/<identifier>.

research gate
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://www.researchgate.net
example: :david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:research-gate ; literal:hasLiteralValue "David-Shotton-2" .
comment: The ResearchGate profile identifier is a unique code for researchers registered in the ResearchGate platform.
scope note: A ResearchGate profile identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/<identifier>.

researcherid
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: http://www.researcherid.com/
example: :david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:researcherid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "DXS-2121-2022" .
comment: The ResearcherID is an identifying system for scientific authors created and owned by Thomson Reuters.

ror
type: NamedIndividual
type: organization identifier scheme
has URL: https://ror.org/
example: :my-organization-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ror ; literal:hasLiteralValue "00wb4mk85" .
comment: The Research Organization Registry (ROR) Community identifier is a unique code assigned to research organizations.
scope note: A ROR identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://ror.org/<identifier>.

rrid
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://scicrunch.org/resolver
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:rrid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "RRID:AB_262044" .
comment: The Research Resource IDentifier (RRID) is a character string used to uniquely identify key inputs to an experiment including the so-called “key biological resources” as defined by the National Institutes of Health, and related tools such as core facilities and databases.
scope note: An RRID name is divided into two parts, the authority and a local identifier, separated by an underscore.

SciGraph ID
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/datasets/data_at_a_glance/
example: :my-object-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:scigraph ; literal:hasLiteralValue "013217540103.39" .
comment: The SciGraph ID is an unique identifier used for referring to entities in the Springer Nature SciGraph dataset.

series information
type: NamedIndividual
type: description type
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:series-information .
comment: Used to charactierize a description of a resource that is part of a series.

sici
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier
example: :my-object-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:sici ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0002-8231(199412)45:10<737:TIODIM>2.3.TX;2-M" .
comment: The Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI) is a code used to uniquely identify specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a serial.

social security number
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
example: :my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:sici ; literal:hasLiteralValue "999-00-9999" .
comment: The United States of America social security number is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. residents.

SPAR Ontologies
type: NamedIndividual
type: metadata scheme
has URL: http://www.sparontologies.net
example: :related-document a fabio:MetadataDocument ; datacite:usesMetadataScheme datacite:spar .
comment: The Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies, a.k.a. SPAR Ontologies, form a suite of orthogonal and complementary OWL 2 DL ontology modules for the creation of comprehensive machine-readable RDF metadata for every aspect of semantic publishing and referencing: document description, bibliographic resource identifiers, types of citations and related contexts, bibliographic references, document parts and status, agents' roles and contributions, bibliometric data and workflow processes.

spase
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://spase-group.org/services/
example: :my-object-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:spase ; literal:hasLiteralValue "spase://Example/NumericalData/MagProbe-1/Mag/PT1D" .
comment: The SPASE resource identifier is the identifier of resources included in the resource registry (datasets, instruments, observatories, etc) maintained by the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) group.
scope note: Such identifiers are RFC 3986-compliant URIs with a scheme of spase, and only implementing the authority and path parts of the specification. Thus, their generic form is: spase://<authority><path>.

spdx
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/
example: :my-resource-rights-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:spdx ; literal:hasLiteralValue "CC-BY-1.0" .
comment: The SPDX License List is a list of commonly found licenses and exceptions used in free and open source and other collaborative software or documentation.
scope note: A SPDX identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/<identifier>.

table of content
type: NamedIndividual
type: description type
example: :my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:table-of-content .
comment: A table of content giving information about the content of a resource, appearing before the body text. Where the resource is a journal or magazine issue, the table of content lists the constituent items contained in that issue, typically by title, authors and first page number.

twitter
type: NamedIndividual
type: agent identifier scheme
has URL: https://twitter.com/
example: :silvio-peroni-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:twitter ; literal:hasLiteralValue "@essepuntato" .
comment: A Twitter handle is the unique identifier assigned to Twitter users.
scope note: A Twitter handle is resolvable from the following URL: https://twitter.com/<identifier>.

upc
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
comment: The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a unique number used to identify products and their manufacturers.

uri
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
example: :fabio-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:uri ; literal:hasLiteralValue "http://purl.org/spar/fabio" .
comment: The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a unique identifier for abstract or physical resources.

url
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
example: :my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:url ; literal:hasLiteralValue "https://www.sparontologies.net/" .
comment: The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a unique identifier for a resource retrievable on the World Wide Web.

urn
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/urn/charter/
example: :my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:urn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "urn:isbn:9780141036144" .
comment: The Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a unique identifier for a resource, following the URN scheme.

viaf
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: http://viaf.org/
example: :david-shotton-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:viaf ; literal:hasLiteralValue "7484794" .
comment: The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file created by amalagamating the national authority files of several national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC). It contains information about many topics including personal names.
scope note: A VIAF identifier is resolvable from the following URL: http://viaf.org/<identifier>.

w3id
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://w3id.org/
example: :my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikidata ; literal:hasLiteralValue "changes/4/aldrovandi" .
comment: The W3id.org identifier is a secure, permanent URL re-direction service for Web applications, run by the W3C Permanent Identifier Community Group.
scope note: It has the shape of a URL starting with "https://w3id.org/" plus a local identifier that completes it (e.g. "https://w3id.org/changes").

wikidata
type: NamedIndividual
type: identifier scheme
has URL: https://www.wikidata.org/
example: :my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikidata ; literal:hasLiteralValue "Q113333457" .
comment: The Wikidata QID is a unique identifier used for the entities in Wikidata.
scope note: A Wikidata QID is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/<identifier>.

wikipedia
type: NamedIndividual
type: resource identifier scheme
has URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/
example: :my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikipedia ; literal:hasLiteralValue "The_Canterbury_Tales" .
comment: The Wikipedia page name is a unique identifier used to refer to any entity present in a Wikipedia database.
scope note: A Wikipedia page name is resolvable from the following URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<identifier>.

zbmath
type: NamedIndividual
type: personal identifier scheme
has URL: https://zbmath.org/
example: :silvio-peroni datacite:hasIdentifier :silvio-peroni-id . :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:zbmath ; literal:hasLiteralValue "peroni.silvio" .
comment: The zbMATH author identifier is a unique identifier used for a person in the Zentralblatt MATH database.
scope note: A zbMATH author identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:<identifier>.